What is the greenhouse effect?

• A. A process that cools the Earth's atmosphere
• B. The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases
• C. A method of water purification
• D. Natural ventilation of buildings

Answer: (B)

The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. This phenomenon is essential for maintaining the planet's temperature and supporting life. Sunlight reaches the Earth's surface, where it is absorbed and then re-radiated as heat. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor absorb some of this heat, keeping the atmosphere warm enough to sustain ecosystems.

The greenhouse effect is crucial, as it helps regulate the Earth's climate. Without it, the planet would be too cold to support life as we know it. The balance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is vital; an excess can lead to climate change and global warming. Understanding this process is fundamental to addressing environmental issues related to climate and energy use.